This is the animal cell model made by a group of students in year 11 Biology – each of the lollies represents a different cell organelle. Can you find the ribosomes, nucleus, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, vacuole and mitochondria? Below is the model of a plant cell – note the cell wall, chloroplasts and large vacuole.
This beautiful image is of a Paramecium (a common unicellular organism found in freshwater environments), using enhanced phase-contrast microscopy. It is an example of a protozoan – that is, a ‘first animal’. If you look closely, you can see the cilia (tiny, hair-like projections) that propel the organism through the water and the phospholipid bilayer (cell membrane) that is the barrier between the external and internal environment of the cell. In the top right of the image you can see water being ejected from the contractile vacuole, which helps to maintain the correct water balance inside the cell (osmoregulation). Water will naturally diffuse into the cell, as the cell’s contents have a higher concentration of salts and nutrients. The contractile vacuole is a specialized structure that collects this excess water and expels it from the cell, to prevent the cell membrane from rupturing.